Phuma kwiTekhnoloji yokuQalisa ukuTshaja kweSithuthi soMbane esiSmart

Ngaba abaphathi beevenkile eziluncedo kufuneka babe ziingcali zamandla exesha ukuze baziqhelanise nendlela yokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwesithuthi sombane (EV)?Akunjalo, kodwa banokwenza isigqibo esinolwazi ngakumbi ngokuqonda icala lobugcisa be-equation.
Nazi ezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo ukuze uhlale ujonge, nokuba umsebenzi wakho wemihla ngemihla ujikeleza ngakumbi malunga ne-accounting kunye nesicwangciso soshishino kunobunjineli bombane okanye ulawulo lwenethiwekhi.
Abenzi bomthetho kunyaka ophelileyo bavume i-7.5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ukwakha uthungelwano lweetshaja zezithuthi zombane zoluntu ezingama-500,000, kodwa bafuna ukuba imali ihambe kuphela kwiitshaja ze-DC eziphezulu.
Ungahoyi izichazi ezifana “nokukhawuleza okukhulu” okanye “umbane ngokukhawuleza” kwiintengiso zetshaja zeDC.Ngelixa inkxaso-mali ye-federal iqhubeka, khangela izixhobo ze-Tier 3 ezihlangabezana neenkcukacha ezichazwe kwi-National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure (NEVI) inkqubo yefomula.Ubuncinci kwiitshaja zeemoto zabahambi, oku kuthetha ukuba phakathi kwe-150 kunye ne-350 kW kwisikhululo ngasinye.
Kwixesha elizayo, iitshaja zamandla asezantsi zeDC zinokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezithengisayo okanye kwiindawo zokutyela apho umndilili wexesha achithe ixesha elingaphezulu kwemizuzu engama-25.Iivenkile ezikhula ngokukhawuleza eziluncedo zifuna izixhobo ezihlangabezana nemigangatho yokuqulunqwa kwe-NEVI.
Iimfuno ezongezelelweyo ezinxulumene nokufakela, ukugcinwa kunye nokusebenza kweshaja nazo ziyinxalenye yomfanekiso opheleleyo.Abathengisi be-FMCG banokubonisana namagqwetha kunye neenjineli zombane ukufumana eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuphumelela inkxaso-mali yokutshaja kwe-EV.Iinjineli zinokuphinda zixoxe ngeenkcukacha zobuchwepheshe ezichaphazela kakhulu isantya sokutshaja, njengokuba isixhobo sisodwa okanye siyisakhiwo esahlulahlulwe.
Urhulumente wase-US ufuna ukuba iimoto zombane zenze isiqingatha sazo zonke iimoto ezintsha ezithengisiweyo ngo-2030, kodwa ukufikelela kolo sukelo kunokufuna ukuphinda-phindwe kayi-20 iitshaja zezithuthi zikawonke-wonke eziqikelelwa kwi-160,000, okanye ngoqikelelo oluthile, malunga ne-3.2 yezigidi zizonke.
Zibekwe phi zonke ezi tshaja?Okokuqala, urhulumente ufuna ukubona ubuncinci iitshaja ezine zeNqanaba lesi-3 rhoqo kwiimayile ezingama-50 okanye njalo ecaleni kweepaseji ezinkulu zezothutho ze-Interstate Highway System.Umjikelo wokuqala wenkxaso-mali yeetshaja zezithuthi zombane ugxile kule njongo.Iindlela zesibini ziya kuvela kamva.
Uthungelwano lwe-C lunokusebenzisa inkqubo ye-federal ukugqiba ukuba kuphi ukuvula okanye ukulungisa iivenkile ngeprogram yokutshaja isithuthi sombane.Nangona kunjalo, into ebalulekileyo kukwanela komthamo womnatha wendawo.
Ukusebenzisa umbane oqhelekileyo kwigaraji yasekhaya, ishaja yeNqanaba loku-1 inokuhlawula isithuthi sombane kwiiyure ezingama-20 ukuya kwezingama-30.Inqanaba lesi-2 lisebenzisa uxhulumaniso olunamandla kwaye luyakwazi ukubiza imoto yombane kwiiyure ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-10.Inqanaba lesi-3 lingahlawulisa imoto yomkhweli kwimizuzu engama-20 okanye engama-30, kodwa ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kufuna amandla amaninzi.(Ngendlela, ukuba ibhetshi entsha yokuqalwa kwetekhnoloji iyafika, iTier 3 inokuhamba ngokukhawuleza; sele kukho amabango emizuzu eli-10 ngentlawulo enye kusetyenziswa inkqubo esekwe kwiflywheel.)
Kwitshaja nganye yeNqanaba lesi-3 kwivenkile eluncedo, iimfuno zamandla zinokunyuka ngokukhawuleza.Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi ukuba ulayisha ilori ethwala ixesha elide.Zibonelelwa ngeetshaja ezikhawulezayo ezingama-600 kW nangaphezulu, zinamandla ebhetri ukusuka kuma-500 eekilowatt iiyure (kWh) ukuya kwi-1 megawatt iyure (MWh).Xa kuthelekiswa, kuthatha ikhaya eliqhelekileyo laseMelika inyanga yonke ukusebenzisa malunga ne-890 kWh yombane.
Konke oku kuthetha ukuba iivenkile zombane ezigxile kwimoto ziya kuba nefuthe elikhulu kwikhonkco lendawo.Ngethamsanqa, kukho iindlela zokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezi ndawo.Iitshaja ezikhawulezayo zinokuyilwa ukuba zitshintshele kwimowudi yokwabelana ngamandla xa amanqanaba entlawulo yamazibuko amaninzi enyuka.Masithi unesikhululo sokutshaja esinamandla amakhulu angama-350 kW, xa imoto yesibini okanye yesithathu iqhagamshela kwezinye izitishi zokutshaja kule ndawo yokupaka, umthwalo kuzo zonke izikhululo zokutshaja uyancitshiswa.
Injongo kukusabalalisa nokulinganisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.Kodwa ngokwemigangatho ye-federal, inqanaba le-3 kufuneka lihlale libonelela ubuncinci be-150 kW yamandla okutshaja, nangona ulwahlula amandla.Ngoko xa izikhululo zokutshaja ezili-10 ngaxeshanye zihlawulisa imoto yombane, amandla ewonke aseyi-1,500 kW - umthwalo omkhulu wombane kwindawo enye, kodwa ungaphantsi kwemfuneko kwigridi kunazo zonke izitishi zokutshaja ezisebenza ngokupheleleyo kwi-350 kW.
Njengoko iivenkile eziphathwayo zisebenzisa ukutshaja okukhawulezayo, kuya kufuneka basebenze noomasipala, izinto eziluncedo, iinjineli zombane kunye nezinye iingcaphephe ukugqiba ukuba yintoni enokwenzeka phakathi kwemiqobo ekhulayo yenethiwekhi.Ukufakela iitshaja ezimbini zenqanaba lesi-3 kunokusebenza kwezinye iindawo, kodwa hayi ezisibhozo okanye ezili-10.
Ukubonelela ngobuchule bobugcisa kunokunceda abathengisi bakhethe abavelisi bezixhobo zokubiza i-EV, baphuhlise izicwangciso zesayithi, kwaye bangenise iibhidi eziluncedo.
Ngelishwa, kunokuba nzima ukumisela kwangaphambili umthamo wothungelwano kuba izinto ezininzi eziluncedo azixeli esidlangalaleni xa isitishi esithile siphantse sagcwala.Emva kokuba i-c-store isetyenzisiwe, i-utility iya kuqhuba isifundo esikhethekileyo sobudlelwane, kwaye inike iziphumo.
Yakuba ivunyiwe, abathengisi banokufuna ukongeza i-480 volt entsha yesigaba esi-3 ukuxhasa iitshaja zeTier 3.Kunokuba yindleko esebenzayo kwiivenkile ezitsha ukuba nenkonzo ye-combo apho unikezelo lwamandla lusebenza kwimigangatho emi-3 kwaye emva koko ucofe ukusevisa isakhiwo kuneenkonzo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.
Ekugqibeleni, abathengisi kufuneka bacwangcise iimeko zokwamkelwa ngokubanzi kwezithuthi zombane.Ukuba inkampani ikholelwa ukuba iitshaja ezimbini ezicwangcisiweyo kwisiza esidumileyo zinokukhula ziye kutsho kwi-10 ngosuku olunye, kunokubiza imali eninzi ukubeka imibhobho yamanzi eyongezelelweyo ngoku kunokucoca i-pavement kamva.
Ukutyhubela amashumi eminyaka, abenzi bezigqibo zevenkile eziluncedo baye bafumana amava abalulekileyo kuqoqosho, kulungiselelo kunye netekhnoloji yeshishini lepetroli.Iingoma ezihambelanayo namhlanje zinokuba yindlela entle yokubetha ukhuphiswano kugqatso lwezithuthi zombane.
UScott West yinjineli ephezulu yoomatshini, ingcaphephe yokonga amandla, kunye nomyili okhokelayo kwi-HFA eFort Worth, eTexas, apho asebenza khona nabathengisi abaninzi kwiiprojekthi zokutshaja ii-EV.Unokuqhagamshelwa apha [i-imeyile ekhuselweyo].
Inqaku loMhleli: Le kholamu imele imbono yombhali kuphela, hayi indawo yokujonga iindaba zevenkile.